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Which boiler for waste incineration - thermal waste treatment plant ?
23.11.2020

Which boiler for waste incineration - thermal waste treatment plant ?

Wood-based and post-production waste in the carpentry industry is a source of cheap energy for the furniture and carpentry industries. New emission agree standards for certain types of installations, fuel combustion sources and waste incineration or co-incineration devices, wood-based waste, osb boards , HDF, MDF and others ,must  be burned only in specially adapted devices equipped with dedicated equipment for the combustion of exhaust gases at high temperatures.

Such a specialized line for waste incineration consists not only of the boiler itself, but also of a flue gas filtration and treatment system and dedicated automatics controlling the combustion process. Our client from Podkarpacie had the same problem as many other furniture manufacturers in Poland - what to do with the disposal of post-production waste, in particular MDF, HDF, OSB and chipboards. Should you pay for their disposal or should you invest in a modern line for incineration of biomass and post-production waste?

Our customer  decided to use his own thermal waste treatment line, therefore he had to create the concept of the heating technology of the newly built hall based on the management of waste biomass.

Only advantages

This was due to several reasons:

• The heating system was supposed not only to heat the rooms, but to provide heat to the technology: drying room and paint shop

• The constant increased demand for heat generates higher plant costs, hence the plan to reduce them, i.e. combustion of the cheapest fuel on the market - and such is own fuel from by-products from production and technology

• Heating is to be not only cheap, but also reliable, hence the choice for industrial technology coupled with an external all-year-round silo

• The boiler room is to be automated and maintenance-free, if possible

Thermal processing of waste – criteria

Many legal acts  clearly define the criteria that must be met by a line for thermal processing of waste, including waste from the production and processing of wood and wood-based materials. The process must be carried out in such a way that the temperature of the combustion gases is maintained at 850 ° C for at least 2 s from the last injection of air for combustion. Additionally, the requirement to maintain such a temperature must be met, and therefore each installation must be equipped with an auxiliary burner which automatically turns on and supports the start-up and shutdown of the system. Another protection required by the current law is the automatic waste feed stop system during start-up, until the required temperature is reached and during the process, and also when the required temperature is not achieved. Therefore, the installation must have a number of sensors that read the process temperature continuously and a dedicated control system.

Our client has choosed a our industrial heating boiler with an additional afterburning chamber, was guided by many legal and economic factors. The most important, however, was the autonomy of the unit's operation and automation - boiler operation was to be minimized to regular weekly activities. Therefore, the device, apart from the automatic ash removal system and pneumatic cleaning of the exchanger, is connected to the feeder and the all-year external fuel silo. This is to ensure optimal autonomy of the device operation without the need to pour fuel every few days.

 

Innovation! zone step burner instead of retort

The main innovations in our device are:

1. Zone stepped grate burner with feeding screw. Competition has simple furnaces where the fuel is fed from the bottom and lifts the fuel - similar to the retort in eco-pea furnaces. They operate on maintenance, where the fuel is fed continuously and the risk of backfiring into the feeder is high. We work with us as in the latest biomass boilers on / off basis. We give as much as we burn, because the fuel is supplied through a dedicated screw feeder, and the burner starts itself, modulates power and extinguishes.

2. An exhaust gas recirculation system to collect exhaust gases and recirculate them into the combustion chamber reduces the oxygen concentration. It works similarly to exhaust gas recirculation in internal combustion car engines - we reduce nitrogen oxidation and reduce NOx.

3. The auxiliary burner does not operate continuously - it should be remembered that in many solutions on the market it takes oil or gas to start and operate the device. Thanks to the autotrophic post-combustion chamber lined with ceramics, it works only in emergency as a typical auxiliary burner.

 

How does our boiler for waste incineration - thermal waste treatment work?

The fuel is stored in the all-year-round external silo and then transported to the buffer tank near the boiler. The fuel is dosed into an innovative stepped furnace, which, unlike older generation retort boilers, has an automatic start, power modulation and extinguishing function. The increased surface of the grates enables the fuel to be degassed on the grate and the moisture to evaporate. After reaching temperatures above 200 ° C, the fuel strongly degasses, and after exceeding 500 ° C, charcoal (solid part) is burned and flue gases are ignited, which in the case of wood-based waste contain resins in addition to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Upon reaching 850 degrees C, all the organic compounds in the fuel are completely burnt.

Hight temperatures kills dioxins and furans

Thanks to high temperatures, we achieve not only high combustion efficiency parameters, but also complete afterburning of gases - the effect of the device's operation is practically smokeless combustion - practically no emission of exhaust gases is visible on the chimney.

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